Once the virus is in your body, it stays there in an inactive state. Although mono symptoms go away, the infected person will always carry the virus that caused it. They build up antibodies and become immune, so they won’t get mono again. Most adults have been exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus. However, mono can also spread through blood and semen during sexual contact blood transfusions and organ transplantations. The virus that causes mono typically spreads through bodily fluids, especially saliva. Some studies suggest that they are infected by their parents or siblings who shed EBV periodically into their oral secretions. How preadolescent children contract EBV is unknown. ( 5)ĮBV infection among adolescents and young adults spreads primarily by deep kissing, according to researchers. It has also been suggested that sexual intercourse enhances transmission. Approximately 1 in 13 patients in this group complain of a sore throat has mono. Research conducted at the University of Georgia suggests that mono is most commonly present in patients aged 5 to 25 years, especially those aged 16 to 20 years. But in 50 percent of adolescents, EBV infection causes infectious mononucleosis. EBV infections in children usually do not cause mono symptoms, or they are so mild that they resemble the symptoms of brief, childhood illnesses.
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( 3)Īccording to research published in Clinical & Translational Immunology, EBV infects at least 90 percent of the population worldwide, the majority of whom have no recognizable illness. During this time, they have developed sophisticated strategies to help their survival and ability to spread. Researchers suggest that EBV and other viruses of the Herpes family have co-evolved with their hosts over millions of years. Most people are infected with it at some point in their lives. EBV (also known an human herpesvirus 4) is one of eight viruses in the herpes family and it’s one of the most common viruses in humans. Some symptoms of an enlarged spleen include pain and tenderness around the spleen, on the upper left side of the abdomen indigestion and feeling uncomfortable when eating and pain when taking deep breaths or moving around.Įpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mono symptoms, but other viruses can also cause this condition. ( 2) The spleen is vulnerable to ruptures within the first 4 to 6 weeks of mono symptoms. It occurs in 0.1 to 0.5 percent of patients. Most people have uncomplicated mono that goes away on its own within a few weeks however, some develop complications, including upper airway obstruction, chronic fatigue syndrome, neurologic disease, severe hematologic cytopenias (a reduction in the number of blood cells), hepatitis and rupture of the spleen.Īccording to research published in the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, spontaneous rupture of the spleen is a rare complication of infectious mononucleosis. However, the more unique clinical feature of mono, which helps doctors to distinguish it from other viral and bacterial throat infections, is a severe and debilitating fatigue which accompanies these symptoms and may last for months after they have resolved. Three typical mono symptoms include sore throat, onset of fever and enlarged and painful lymph glands in the neck.
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Mono is called the “kissing disease” because it spreads by contact with bodily fluids, especially saliva. Causes and Risk Factors of Mononucleosis.